Fatores associados ao ganho de peso em pacientes pós diagnóstico de câncer de mama e seus impactos na evolução clínica: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Among the various health problems, breast cancer has been cited as a chronic, multifactorial disease, interconnected to genetic and epigenetic factors and of great impact for reducing the functional capacity and quality of life of those affected by the disease. It is estimated that in Brazil for the year 2023, 73,610 new cases of breast cancer may arise, represented by the adjusted incidence rate of 41.89 cases per 100,000 women.Studies associate that high values of body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 predispose to the risk of diseases and that excess weight is a risk factor for breast cancer, being associated with poor prognosis and tumor recurrence. The present work is a literature review of a qualitative approach, which sought to study factors that influence the weight gain of patients affected by breast cancer during treatment. The search for research occurred in printed and online books, internet sites, monographs, theses and original scientific articles available in the databases: SCIELO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, COCHRANE, LILACS and MEDLINE, with the search tools: BIREME, IBECS and PUBMED, with publication limit in the last 20 years. To answer the guiding question, the Descriptors in Sciences and Health (DeCS) were used in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The results revealed that there was a predominance of weight gain between 50.5%-83.5% in women after diagnosis of breast cancer, with an average attribution of 4.06-5.08 kg and may vary according to the clinical practice of the patients. The factors associated with progressive gain were antineoplastic treatment, lymphedema, metabolic changes in breast cancer, association with disordered eating and lifestyle and quality of life inducing risk on the condition of a worse clinical outcome.