Abordagens do conteúdo óptica : sombra e penumbra no segundo ano dos anos iniciais: Uma análise de livros didáticos do PNLD 2023

Abstract

With the advancement of the scientific and technological world, it becomes increasingly essential for humans to possess knowledge about the Sciences and their main roles in the daily life of the modern world. Physics being one of its curricular components, the need for its teaching to promote significant learning among students becomes evident. Therefore, it is believed that students' contact with this discipline should not be delayed, restricted only to high school, but should begin in the early years of their journey in elementary education through the subject of Science. To assist in this regard, teachers in the early years use the Textbook as a pedagogical tool, which provides significant support in their daily lives through its contributions. Due to the important role that the Textbook plays, this work aims to analyze how the content of Physics has been approached in this material, specifically focusing on Optics, using the reference of Skill EFO2CIO7 outlined in the National Common Curricular Base. For this purpose, theoretical foundations were sought in the guiding documents of elementary education, among which the BNCC stands out. Consequently, books from the 2nd year related to Natural Sciences, approved in PNLD 2023, were used for a qualitative and quantitative analysis, the results of which will be presented in this study.